Lesson 23
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23.1 With good pupils, show that playing a low card on the lead assures them of two tricks in the suit.
23.2 You can mention the fact that there is interest in ducking … without showing declarer that you have a problem! The latter will no doubt repeat the finesse in Clubs and will only make one trick in the suit.
23.3 In principle, these rules are automatic. So it is not a question of teaching them to judge competitive situations.
23.4 The reasoning is presented by taking the opponents' game call as the basis. It is obviously also applicable at the slam level, but more rarely; moreover the calculations are more complex.
23.5 A more precise formulation of the rule consists of not allowing to double except if the "attacking" side has a greater number of H points.
23.6 Here again, there is no question of allowing the pupils, for the moment, to evaluate their defensive potential and giving them the freedom to defend or not according to the impression they have of their opponents' contract being successful.
23.7 This communication of little papers may be forbidden in the preceding lessons when the side which bids first declares a game call.
23.8 To very good pupils you can leave a very slight margin for manoeuvre in the case where the presumed failure is very costly in comparison with the contract reached. You can explain to them, for example, that if the opponents bid a contract worth 620 points and that over-bidding will cost on average 300 points, they must only do it if they feel that the opponents' game has three out of four chances of winning.
23.9 In which case the defender does the same profitability calculations. If he decides to over-bid, the turn comes back to the other side who can over-bid again or double. And so on!!
23.10 You can leave to enterprising pupils the benefit of a "small risk" (- 1 point according to the Decision Table), if they possess at least nine Trumps.
23.11 You can get your pupils to notice that, in reality, the attacking side only has the possibility of over-bidding if he has bid a major suit game. In minor, in fact, the level of an over-bid is a slam which would have been bid directly.
23.12 … even if a complete analysis shows that South could get away with one under-trick by replaying Clubs immediately, and by establishing the fifth Club to discard a losing Heart.
23.13 The simplest is still to lead the singleton in Hearts, better than the head of sequence in Diamonds. West must play a low card from dummy and take South's 10 with the Ace. He will then only give one Club, one Heart and one Spade trick.